To start the treatment of onychomicosis in time, you must know how the nail fungus appears.Mushrooms relating to the types of dermatophytes, candidates and those similar to yeast can cause disease.The timely and correct determination of the pathogen will allow you to quickly and effectively take care of the mushroom on the legs.
What is the nail fungus?
The fungal nail disease has a scientific name: onychomycosis, which from ancient Greek means "chronic infection".This disease affects the nail plate in which power has been broken for some reason.Mushroom controversies are quickly propagated, they do not need special conditions for development.The disease itself does not occur due to the high survival of mushrooms.
Causes of nail mushrooms
Factors, following which the nail fungus occurs:
- Wet environment and warm.After a long day spent in the shoes, the legs sweat a lot.Synthetic socks must be dry and completely dry.
- Age.The greatest number of illness cases occur at the age of 18-55.Basically, men suffer.If in young people, the nail fungus occurs extremely rarely, then in men in the elderly the percentage of incidence of at least 90%.This is mainly due to the decreasing growth of the nail plates.
- Medicines.The intake of drugs, such as antibiotics and cytostatics, can cause disease.
- The immune system.Having taken a step forward with unprotected legs on any dirty surface, you can easily be infected.A person with a weak immunity to do it is much easier.
- Profession.The nail fungus can occur due to the high temperatures in the work room, in the gasket or in ionizing radiation.The employees of mines, medical institutions, bathrooms and showers are more sensitive to the disease.
Three main routes have been identified through which the mushroom is able to fall under the leg nail plate:
- Through the nail roller.The nail roller is a fold of the skin surrounding the 3 -sides nail plate.
- Through the edge of the nail.In this case, the mushroom falls under the nail and not on it.In the future, this can develop in keratosis, a disease during which the nail begins to separate from the nail bed.
- Through the dorsal part of the nail.This part is the most resistant, which is why, through it, the mushroom penetrates much less often.
Types of nail mushrooms
As the nail mushroom appears, it depends on which particular type of mushroom caused the disease
Dermatophytes
This is the most common type of fungal disease.The nail plate with dermatophyte is influenced in 90% of cases.
There are 3 varieties of this disease, each of them has a different territory of the injury:
| Tricofita Rubrum | Hitting nails and feet |
| Epidermophyte | The mushroom occurs on the 1st and 5th fingers |
| Tricophy | The mushroom manifests itself on the fingers of the 1st and 5th, can go to the interdigital folds |
Molds
This type of disease is extremely rare.When infected, the nail plate changes its color and becomes black, yellow, brown or blue.
Mushrooms similar to yeast
These mushrooms are able to manifest not only on the nails, but they are also the cause of the lug in the girls.Disease makes nails thinner.The nail plate acquires yellow.If the disease is ignored, you can separate the nail from the box.
Disease phase
The appearance of the nail fungus depends on the stage of the disease.
In medicine, it is customary to distinguish 3 main phases of its development:
- In the first phase, it is quite difficult to identify the presence of the mushroom.All because there are no visible signs.
- The second stage.When they move to the second stadium, the nails lose the shine, the color of the plate gradually begins to change.The nail becomes more fragile on the edges.You can already see small white points or grooves, which over time will increase in size.
- The third phase is a neglected form of pathology, when a person has ignored the disease for a long time and has not treated it.At the moment, there is a huge risk of losing the nail.It begins amply and breaks more and more.
What a nail fungus looks like: symptoms and signs
The mushroom presents serious symptoms.At the beginning of the disease, the shine on the nail gradually disappears.The surface of the plate becomes similar to small white spots.
Over time, the nail becomes fragile, squamosa.Despite its fragility, the thickness of the nail can increase.Perhaps an unbearable feeling of itching between the fingers.Sleeping in the legs is gradually increasing.Probably the occurrence of corn and bubbles.
Another distinct sign of the disease is an unpleasant smell.This is due to the fact that the gap between nails and the bed is clogged with dirt and mushroom products.
When the disease is strongly launched, the patient can increase the temperature and pain in the legs, which prevents him from moving normally.
Regional onychomycosis
The regional onychomycosis is the initial stage of the disease.It is quite difficult to determine the disease at this stage.
The appearance of the nail fungus depends on the degree of development of the pathology.A narrow gray lines appears gradually along the edges of the plate.The nail itself begins to mitigate.In the center of the nail, small yellow spots occur.The dish does not change thickness, but becomes fragile.
The nail is not completely influenced.Only its individual sections suffer.Therefore, the surface of the affected nail comes with chess.Under the nail you can consider gray material, but the nail itself no longer becomes often from it.
Normorophic
The unicomicosis of the normottrophic occurs for the same reasons for the rest of the mushroom.Microorganisms enter the skin, after which they penetrate its surface through small damage in the nail plate.
With the normotrophical onychomycosis in the first days of the disease, the color of the nail does not change completely, but only in the areas.On the sides and in the end, the nail becomes white, yellow or gray.The nail plate loses brilliance and vanishes.Over time, the color of the nail changes completely, but its thickness does not decrease.
Hypertrophic
Hypertrophic onychomycosis is considered an advanced form of a type of normotrophic disease.The causes of its presence are not different from the causes of other types of nail mushrooms.
The occurrence of onychomycosis hypertrophic contributes to contact with infected people, wearing uncomfortable shoes or hygiene interruptions.The cause can also be diseases: HIV, hyperhidrosis and diabetes.
On the legs with hypertrophic onychomycosis, the thickness of the nail increases considerably.The thickening of the plate can lead to a disease such as hyperkeratosis (with a disease, the skin under the nail becomes keratinized).
The color of the plate changes, due to which it seems yellow or gray.The nails become opaque, opaque.The appearance of the onicorifosis is possible: a mushroom in which the nail is deformed and takes the form of a claw of a bird.
With hypertrophic onychomycosis, the lateral parts of the nail suffer more strongly.Consequently, severe pain in the fingers occurs, preventing a person from moving normally.
White surface form
The shape of the white surface of onychomycosis is the rarer type of illness.With it, the thumb and little finger nail is damaged.
With the disease, the nail leg and the matrix do not suffer.The white spots appear gradually on the surface of the nail.Over time, their size and area increase.The color of the spots changes from white to yellow.The nail begins to crumble.
If the disease is launched, inflammation of the skin is possible around the nail.Together with him, serious redness and itching appear.
The thickness of the plate does not change and its surface becomes rough.Often the nails break, the shine disappears.
People who visit the most at risk of getting sick:
- bathrooms;
- saunas;
- Public books.
The combination of high humidity and heat is an ideal environment for the rapid development of a fungal disease.Those people who use common hygiene and shoes products are very at risk.
The shape of the white surface of onychomycosis is easy to confuse with such diseases:
- Seborrhea.
- The first phase of the eczema.
- Psoriasis.
Therefore, the dermatologist does not stop at a visual examination of the patient.Mandatory takes the biological material from him and sends him to the laboratory to determine the type of pathogen.
Onicicitic
The onychomicosis onicicitic is characterized by the separation of the nail plate from the box.The nail loses its shine and becomes gray.In the damage area, there is a diagram covered with hyperkeratosis (excessive thickening of the layer of the epidermis layer, it can be 1 mm to several cm).
With a disease, both a thickening and a nail and a thinning are possible.
Candidiasi onicomicosis
This type of disease occurs due to a decrease in the protective properties of the skin coating and weak immunity.Candida mushrooms, which live in the intestine and urinary tract, begin to multiply and popular with nail plates.The disease is more common in the female half of the population.Very often, people who work with waiters and dishwasher suffers.
At the beginning of the disease, the mushroom affects the roller for nails and the skin next to it.The skin blushes and begins to inflame.The roller swells, the skin on it disappears practically.If the disease is not treated, then it can develop in chronic and peeling of the skin in the nail and nail roller area will remain forever.
The refusal of the treatment can cause deformation of the nail.Start from the roller in the center of the nail.It becomes thinner and with slight pressure on the plate, the PUS is possible.On the plate itself, the white wave stripes are clearly visible.
There is onychomycosis candida proximal.The difference is that the nail roller does not suffer.Determine the disease is helped by small white points under the nail.
The third form of Candida onychomycosis is distal.The mushroom affects the remote part of the nail and moves to the center.The color of the plate changes and the nail becomes thicker.Hypercheratosis occurs under the nail, due to which the nail increases.
Proximal deformation
The onychomycosis of the proximal deformation begins to develop in the event of candid injury of the nail plate.The main feature of the disease is the nail bed.With this form of illness, it is deformed and becomes in the form of a wave.
Atrophic
Atrophic onychomycosis is characterized by a change in the color of the nail plate in a brownish gray.The nail is influenced by the external end and gradually moves to the skin roller.
There are also such signs:
- Loss of a natural shine of the nail.
- The plate is atrophilized.
- The nail bed is exposed.
- The nail is thinner and atrophy in the future.
- There is a stratification of skin stairs on the nail bed.
- The infection applies to nearby fabrics.
With the onychomicosis atrophic, only the sprout of the nail remains not touched.
Treatment methods
Before starting the treatment of any form of onychomycosis, it is necessary to contact a dermatologist for diagnosis.Only after the laboratory tests and determining the size of the areas concerned, a further treatment of the patient is prescribed.
As a rule, in the treatment of icydomicosis, local drugs and medicines are used to take orally.
For more effective treatment, in addition to taking drugs, it is recommended to treat personal items and general articles to exclude the re -infection.
Perhaps treatment with the following ways:
- Physiotherapy.This procedure is prescribed in order to improve the blood circulation of the limbs.Physiotherapy is used in combination with UHF and fleshy of amplipuls on the lumbosacral and cervical departments.Laser and diathermia therapy are also used.
- In the case of a neglected disease, when the nail is deformed and exfoliating, the doctors decide to remove the nail plate.This will further prevent the spread of the mushroom and give medicines more efficiently to work on a healthy surface.
Pharmacy products
The main methods to combat fungal diseases include antifungals.They cause more damage to the nail fungus and therefore effectively treats the affected areas.Antifungals are suitable for the treatment of almost all types of disease, with the exception of the candidate (here the treatment must be selected individually).
Dermatologists often prescribe the following antifungals:
- Paints that can protect the nail from further development of the disease.
- Solutions that destroy the mushroom from the rollers for nails and the dish itself.
- Ointments or gel that relieves itching and inflammation.
When the local treatment does not give the right effect to the maximum, preparations are prescribed to be brought inside.The main difficulty of treating these means lies in a large number of contraindications and precautions.The effect of drugs gradually increases.
Traditional medicine
In the treatment of a fungal disease, popular medicine can be used, but only in combination with other drugs.
Tea mushroom
To use it, you need to cook your legs.Subsequently, a small piece of mushroom is applied to the sick nail, folded with a bandage.The merger is worth all night and in the morning it is removed.Deleted dead areas should be removed and then treat the surface with any antiseptic.The course of the treatment lasts several weeks.
Air
The Calamus decoction is also able to become an assistant in the fight against the nail fungus.Take such a decoction 3 times a day.During the reception, it is necessary to cut the coarse skin and growing nails.
- To prepare the product, 2 teaspoons are required.Macing the rhizomes of the plant and pour boiling water (normally, 100 ml are sufficient).
- Therefore, the rhizomes are boiled in the water for no more than 1 minute.
- When the product has cooled, it is ready for use.
Due to the fact that the decoction has a bitter taste, it can be washed with water.
Acetic baths
Acetic baths have a good effect only in the initial stages of the disease.In the future, they are used only with the doctor's permit and together with other drugs.
Acetic baths soften the epidermis, improves blood circulation and also transforms the appearance of the feet.
Vinegar can be used in combination of the following components:
- Soda.The epidermis is significantly sidusce and improves the effect of the procedure as a whole.To prepare a solution for the procedure, it is necessary to arouse 0.5 tablespoons on 3 liters of water.vinegar with 2 tablespoons.the.soda.
- Essential oils.This component reduces the course of treatment several times.For a vinegar bath, 3 drops of oil are required.
- Glycerol.For 3 liters of water, 9 tablespoons.the.vinegar and 3 tablespoons.the.glycerol.When preparing the solution, the glycerin is added to the water for better dilution.Glycerin in vinegar baths helps to hydrate the skin of the legs.
Bathrooms can also be used as prevention.
There are a series of contraindications in which vinegar baths cannot be used:
- Oncology.
- Wounds, ulcers and scratches on the legs.
- Individual intolerance.
- Thromboflebitis.
- Pregnancy.
- Violations of the cardiovascular system.
- Age up to 10 years.
Before the procedure, it is necessary to perform 3 steps:
- Take a sensitivity test.A small area near the elbow is moistened with a prepared solution.After 15 minutes.There should be no allergic reactions (itching, burning, redness).
- Before the procedure, the legs must be cooked with steam and the fabrics concerned are removed.
- After the procedure, you need to rinse your feet and dry well.For 2 hours, you can't load your legs.
- The duration of the procedure is 10-20 minutes.
In general, the treatment with vinegar baths lasts 2-3 weeks.
Tea tree oil
The use of tea tree oil contributes to the effective recovery of the affected nail.During the procedure, the oil must be applied under the nail in the calculation of 1 drop per 1 nail.The procedure is performed 3 times a day.The treated areas of the nail should be glued with a patch, so the effect of the treatment will be higher.
Processing of iodine
In the fight against the nail fungus, iodine is widely used.It is better to use a 5% solution for the procedure.All that is necessary for the treatment is to apply a iodine solution 2 times a day in the area concerned of the nail.
When iodine applies, a burning sensation is possible.If the burning feeling is weak and does not cause discomfort, everything is fine.If the pain is serious, iodine processing must be arrested immediately.The course of treatment with a iodine solution is 2-3 months long.
The advanced phase of the disease can lead to more serious consequences.Whatever the way of independent treatment, the patient does, in the first signs, it is necessary to consult a specialist.By the way, the nail fungus, the doctor will be able to prescribe a complete treatment.The onychomycosis on the legs is treated quite quickly and effectively with the right approach.